Drug Name Emsam

Lipophilic substances (red dots) may enter the membrane from the extracellular space (area shown in ochre), accumulate in the membrane, and exit into the cytosol (blue area). Direction and speed of permeation depend on the relative concentrations in the fluid phases and the membrane. The steeper the gradient (concentration difference), the more drug will be diffusing per unit of time.
PG increase sensitivity of sensory nerve fibers towards ordinary pain stimuli (p. 194), i. e. , at a given stimulus strength there is an increased rate of evoked action potentials. Thermoregulation. PG raise the set point of hypothalamic (preoptic) thermoregulatory neurons; body temperature increases (fever). Vascular smooth muscle.

 

Drugs (B). Colestyramine and colestipol are nonabsorbable anion-exchange resins. By virtue of binding bile acids, they promote consumption of cholesterol for the synthesis of bile acids; the liver meets its increased cholesterol demand by enhancing the expression of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptors (negative feedback).
The mechanism of action is known for some of them: pyrimethamine and dapsone inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, as does chlorguanide (proguanil) via its active metabolite. The sulfonamide sulfadoxine inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid.