Drug Name Anafranil

Oxidation reactions can be divided into two kinds: those in which oxygen is incorporated into the drug molecule, and those in which primary oxidation causes part of the molecule to be lost. The former include hydroxylations, epoxidations, and sulfoxidations. Hydroxylations may involve alkyl substituents (e. g. , pentobarbital) or aromatic ring systems (e. g. , propranolol).
Local anesthetics are readily cleaved (arrows) and unsuitable for oral administration (procaine, lidocaine). Given judiciously, intravenous lidocaine is an effective antiarrhythmic. Procainamide and mexiletine, congeners endowed with greater metabolic stability, are examples of orally effective antiarrhythmics. The desired and undesired effects are inseparable.

 

Thus, several drugs (aspirin, antimalarials, etc. ) can provoke premature breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) in subjects with a glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The discipline of pharmacogenetics deals with the importance of the genotype for reactions to drugs.
Undesired effects. The hazards of treatment with ?-blockers become apparent particularly when continuous activation of ?-receptors is needed in order to maintain the function of an organ. Congestive heart failure: In myocardial insufficiency, the heart depends on a tonic sympathetic drive to maintain adequate cardiac output.